Radiation Protection

Radiation protection is a set of principles that protect patients, staff, and the public from the effects of ionizing radiation. These principles underpin every safe radiology department.

The ALARA principle and three pillars

The ALARA principle (As Low As Reasonably Achievable) means radiation exposure should be kept as low as possible while still providing the diagnostic information needed. Its three main pillars are time, distance, and shielding.

Exposure time is kept as short as possible, distance from the source is increased where practical, and shielding such as lead barriers is used to absorb some radiation.

Shielding and controlled areas

X-ray rooms are lined with materials that block radiation, and operators typically stand behind lead walls or glass. Thyroid, gonadal, and breast shields are used when appropriate.

High-exposure areas are marked and access is restricted. Radiation workers wear dosimeters to monitor their exposure regularly.

The role of patients and families

Patients can help by informing staff of possible pregnancy, bringing previous imaging results, and following staff instructions during the exam.

Family members who accompany a child or an older patient should be told how to stay safely near the exam area and to remain away from the radiation source when asked.

Key points

• The ALARA principle: as low as reasonably achievable.
• Lead shielding and distance help reduce exposure.

Educational information, not a substitute for medical advice.